How industrialization changed family life (1900s-1950s era) Research Paper

How industrialization changed family life (1900s-1950s period) - Research Paper Example (Berlanstein, 1992) Industrial Revolution started in Britain in eighteenth century with little developments in various parts like Textile, Steam motor and Iron creation which step by step spread over different areas over the world in the nineteenth century. These developments and innovative headway took off prudent precariousness and supplanted fine development in monetary security which at last changed people’s impression of Industrial Revolution. It without a doubt expanded the pace of normal pay and individuals were very excited with their rising expectations for everyday comforts except individuals were uninformed about the cost they needed to pay consequently of this materialistic development. Focusing more on nineteenth century, in the initial two many years of nineteenth century, metal hardware apparatuses were created which were additionally used to fabricate overwhelming modern apparatuses which in the long run contributed colossally in formal industrialization across European Countries. The modern development inside the range of fifty years was heavenly to such an extent that individuals were totally unconscious of the way that they are dispiriting their family conventions like eating together or being a piece of a family time or occasions. Melodies OF INNOCENCE AND SONGS OF EXPERIENCE: (Blake, 2008) Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience is an arrangement of fifty four short sonnets by William Blake. It is partitioned into two areas: Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. In these two segments he flawlessly made the rhymes through which he creatively conveyed his musings to the perusers that how a human spirit is clashed between the two opposite conditions of fulfillment and concealment. William splendidly analyzed that a youth is where honesty exists in however it is likewise touchy to the fallen universe of defilement, treachery and abuse. He referenced and raised a voice against individuals or society who ruins the youth by dread, persecution and restraint. William further expressed that human brain science demonstrates that how a human spirit celebrate when it is liberated and how it gets smothered when it is kept disconnected. William Blake was a brilliant psyche and raised a significant issue through his basic sweet sonnets. He by implication made the blame and focused on the individuals who for certain pennies kept kid works which was less expensive, progressively dedicated and could be held under tension. He challenged youngster work through his delightful assemblage of contemplations and vision over Innocence and Experience. Youth LABOR: (Griffin, Emma, 2011) says that during the hour of industrialization in Britain, pretty much every regular workers youngster was toiled and it is an unpalatable truth that lion's share of Britain Children didn't appreciate the opportunity of physical and mental development through instruction and play. Youngsters from fair class will undoubtedly work to help their delic ate families. (Humphries, 2010) investigated with the autobiographers who had their youth in the middle of eighteenth and the nineteenth century and they all were not energized what they did in their adolescence, neither one of the they had a sound connection with their folks since they felt that their significant privileges of being a free glad kid was removed in kind of difficult work, obligations and craving. Humphries introduced a surprising aggregation of personal histories which lit up the brutal truth of Industrial Revolution in nineteenth century

We should embrace nihilism for growth Free Essays

Agnostic PERSPECTIVE â€Å"Nihilism is the conviction that all qualities are unjustifiable and that nothing can be known or imparted. It is frequently connected with outrageous negativity and an extreme distrust that denounces presence. A genuine skeptic would have faith in nothing, have no loyalties and no reason other than, maybe, a drive to destroy† (http://www. We will compose a custom article test on We should grasp skepticism for development or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now iep.utm.edu/n/nihilism.htm). In a skeptic viewpoint, there are no convictions in authoritative opinion, religion and other socially developed standards and principles. Skeptics question the arrangement of generally cleared a path of reasoning and that there is nothing genuine in this world. SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION â€Å"Social builds are regulated element or relics in a social framework, designed or built by members in a specific culture or society that exist since individuals consent to carry on as though it exist, or consent to keep certain ordinary guidelines, or act as though such understanding or rules existed† (wikipedia.org). Social builds are made substances in which individuals or gatherings of individuals saw them to be valid. Social builds are seen real factors that are placed into a show to be transformed into social convictions. A few instances of social builds are religion, profound quality, sexuality, class and some more. These social develops assume a significant job in people’s every day lives. Social develops turned into an indispensable piece of people’s day by day lives. These became inescapable real factors of their reality. Fundamentally, how individuals act depend on social developments. Social developments direct the regular day to day existences of individuals. Social builds decide how individuals will act and what their example of activities is. These social builds are the apparent rightness of activities in a specific given circumstance. In this manner, people’s lives are controlled and move by social builds. Social builds develop and changes as time cruise by. It relies upon the wealth of thought of individuals. The psyches of people are exceptionally rich and loaded with conceivable outcomes. Individuals have the ability of developing one arrangement of thought into another. A specific social develop isn't changeless and won't keep going forever in light of the fact that it just relies upon the individuals who were the ones who built them. Social builds are dynamic on the grounds that the psyches of individuals are additionally powerful. What a great many people are encountering now may simply turn into a past filled with tomorrow. THE WORLD AS A REALM OF MEANING AND CAN BE DISCLOSED BY NIHILISM For Heidegger, he saw the world as a domain of implications and potential outcomes. These potential outcomes are for Da-sein to find and the implications are for Da-sein to absorb. This world for Heidegger is the place the Da-sein is arranged and part of the facticities given to the Da-sein. This world is for the Da-sein to find and comprehend. The world offers importance to the presence of man and man is to debilitate these implications or conceivable outcomes. Henceforth, the world is the place the Da-sein cooperates and for him to absorb. This word â€Å"aletheia† depicts the world for Heidegger. â€Å"Aletheia† implies disclosure and disguise which establishes the world’s disclosedness to man. The world is the domain of implications for man that man is consistently in steady digestion. Regardless of whether it uncovers itself to man, it likewise disguises something to man and that the errand of man to acclimatize and comprehend is an endless assignment and that Heidegger called man as â€Å"always previously understanding the world†. The word â€Å"always† implies the limitlessness of understanding that man is errand to uncover the world, the endless undertaking of connection and comprehension. Man as Da-sein is the very nature and capacity of man as a being who is tossed into this world. â€Å"Da† implies there and â€Å"sein† implies being. Da-sein is receptiveness to the world and the status of man to debilitate and absorb. Da-sein is the there of being of man, the exceptionally tossed ness of man into a specific setting. To see a greater amount of man as Da-sein, we will handle on the succeeding parts the elements of being a Da-sein. As indicated by the incomparable Heidegger, attunement is man’s disposition or perspective in which influences his impression of the real world. He saw man as consistently in the mind-set and is consistently prepared to get reality. Man as being tossed into this world, attunement is as of now inserted in his being. This attunement as effectively inserted in the being of man braces man to comprehend. Given the facticity of Da-sein as being-in-a-world, he is consistently in the state of mind to hold onto reality or to be aware of the real world and consequently comprising man’s receptiveness to the world. Da-sein as the there of being is constantly arranged on the planet in this manner, a fleeting being. This arranged ness of man gives him sufficient chance to associate with the world and to satisfy his very nature as a comprehension being who is as of now receptive to do as such. Man gets cognizant by goodness of collaboration, which is the very procedure of comprehension for Heidegger. To correspond with the world is to debilitate its prospects, to acclimatize its significance. Through communication, man gets aware of the real world, gets aware of significance. The truth is as of now in the domain of implications, which comprises the world, and it is just for man that he can be aware of and that is by righteousness of connecting with the world. To address authoritative opinion and religion and other social builds can be an apparatus for better comprehension of the real world. As talked about, Heidegger underscored that man can gradually uncover the truth of creatures by associating with the world which is the universe of significance and potential outcomes. The world has its own significance. The agnostic view in its legitimate use, for example, not absolutely for annihilation yet of finding reality behind the world, it can open man’s eye to the genuine importance of this world. Man as Da-sein in being an agnostic can have the option to show up at a superior truth with respect to the world. The world despite everything has a ton to give in man’s comprehension of it that is the reason creeds and standards of today should be addressed on the grounds that it is still not in its total state. Agnosticism AS A TOOL TO A BETTER UNDERSTANING OF REALITY Man’s life is brimming with socially developed standards and convictions that are the ones directing what he should do and act. There is religion that directs profound quality and there is government that directs who are adversaries and not, for example, who are psychological militants and not fear mongers. A general public is contained numerous thoughts and points of view that fights to pick up imposing business model. Man is placed in the focal point of differentiating sees. With the introduction of skepticism, there came a chance to show up in a reality wherein wrong authoritative opinion and convictions can be deleted and supplanted with better ones. Agnosticism can give great impacts if not put in its extraordinary nature of demolition. Addressing convictions and creed is a sound procedure to attempt. Through addressing, man can gradually uncover to himself the genuine quintessence of his reality. Addressing must likewise not be interlaced with devastation since it very well may be a genuinely incredible methods for advancement and better understanding. â€Å"I plan to carry some adjust and lucidity to various real factors that appear to pull in a lot of misconception: [1] the intense issues of savagery in Islam [including late Muslim violence]; [2] the severe dislike that numerous Muslims have of viciousness; [stereotypes of Islam and Muslims as characteristically violent]; and [4] the bigger setting of brutality in our reality [not simply the Muslim world], quite a bit of which is woven into the texture of our general public so that we may not view it as our own violence† (Hussain, 2006). The errors, for example, looking as a Muslim to be fierce can be adjusted by the skeptic point of view. Individuals can show up to a specific truth that not all Muslims are vicious and generalizing can be eradicated. Agnosticism AS A TOOL TO END CHAOS AND VIOLENCE IN THIS WORLD The turbulent world is achieved by the distinctions in convictions and standards and even in the acts of various religions. These are results of social developments. With various convictions and standards and with the dedication to such convictions and standards, it brings disorder and even to viciousness. Individuals appear to force their own convictions to others which likewise have their own allowance of faith based expectations. By forcing one’s convictions, it makes an air of rivalry that gives strains and disarray to this world. Skepticism can be a device to end all disorder and discover harmony in this world. Individuals, in there alternate points of view, can take a gander at the shared view of their various convictions. To scrutinize their own convictions is a solid procedure and in any event, contrasting their own convictions with others is additionally a sound procedure. This is a demonstration of agnosticism. Individuals won't obliterate their standards and convictions yet rather, creating it to be better allowance of faith based expectations and standards. One model can be found in the domain of religion where we can see contrasts however taking a gander at its more noteworthy truth, there are considerably more similitudes that can be utilized in showing up to a superior conviction, a conviction that can be bannered by all individuals from various settings. Indeed, even the distinction of science and religion, if agnostic point of view can be utilized in an appropriate method of rationalizations and addressing, individuals may show up at a specific truth that science and religion has its shared belief and that one won't be a restriction of the other. End The world is a domain of significance and potential outcomes and is plague with socially developed convictions and standards. With the introduction of agnosticism, which is a point of view that a large portion of a period ascribed to demolition, the world may discover better comprehension in its grasp. By the strategy for addressing which is a sound procedure, individuals can show up to better comprehension of the real world and the

Best Apps for College Students

Best Apps for College Students Simple Apps to Help Streamline University Life Simple Apps to Help Streamline University Life University life is a series of highs and lows hopefully many more of the former than the latter. Managing schedules, writing papers, working in a few shifts a week at a part time job, studying, reading, managing money, keeping up with family and other interpersonal relationships you might finish your degree and find yourself asking “how did I manage to keep all of those balls in the air at the same time?” Outsourcing some of your university life to technology For generations, people had no other choice but to try to tackle everything manually. Pen and paper were the main component of most students’ arsenal, and if you weren’t paying attention during a lecture, well, your only alternative was to try and find time to speak to a professor during office hours. Luckily, in the digital era, technology can do a lot of the work for us. Below are some of the most useful apps for life at university. Apps for organization A lot of studies have been done on the various personality traits that are predictive of success in university. Among them are executive functioning skills like time management and organization. In fact, in a Canadian Journal of Higher Education study, 73.7% of study participants indicated that time management, planning, and preparation were the most important attributes for achieving academic success. Being organized requires planning, and dedication, but thankfully modern technological advancements mean we don’t have to take on the burden of organization all by ourselves. One such organizational app is Fetchnotes. This app lets you assign hashtags to your notes and thoughts, thereby allowing you to organize everything you need to do in a given time frame. For instance, you might assign an “exam” tag to everything having to do with an upcoming exam, and you might assign a “read” hashtag to all of your assigned readings for a given day of the week. This is a free app for iPhone, iPad, and Android devices. Apps for social media downtime A 2014 study from researchers at Baylor University found that college students spent, on average, between eight and ten hours per day on their cell phones. That same study presented self-reported data which concluded that roughly sixty percent of college students are ‘addicted’ to their cell phones, and that cell phones, almost invariably, end up becoming a major distraction during lectures, or from important, often intellectually demanding tasks. While it is certainly popular, and quite easy to rail against cell phones and social media, they are, for the vast majority of people in the West, a fact of life. In fact you would likely be hard pressed to find a university or college student on campus anywhere in the developed world that didn’t have a state of the art smart phone in their pocket at all times. While having and using a smartphone may be unavoidable, deciding when and what you use it for can still be within your control. Apps like SelfControl are great options for people who find that their work ethic, and attention span suffers because of their cell phone (particularly social media addiction). SelfControl allows you to block websites of your choosing for a set amount of time, so that you are not tempted by your phone when you really should be doing something more productive with your time. Budget Apps Part of the university experience, for many people, means learning to manage money. For a lucky few, money is no object. Family wealth has underwritten their university experience, and rent, grocery, textbook, even spending money is just a phone call or text away. While that is not to look down upon families who can afford to do these things, the average Joe or Jane struggling to make their way through university life needs to be able to handle their finances responsibly, or risk having to go without. If you are new to managing your own money, or have struggled with doing so in the past, there are a number of great apps out there that can help make the task easier. One such app is My Weekly Budget. This is not a free app ($1.49 for iPhone/iPad; $0.99 for Android), but it is a useful one. My Weekly Budget allows you to set weekly budgets, and then monitor your spending to ensure that you do not go over what you have decided you can afford. Every time you spend, the app shows you what percentage of your weekly budget you are using up, how much you’ve spent in total, and how much more you can afford to spend based on your preset amount. It is astonishing how much easier it is to keep to a budget when you are reminded of what you are spending, and how much of your allotted budget a given expenditure is eating up. Document storage Document storage is one of those things that many people struggle with. You write a paper, turn it in, then consign it to the desktop for the rest of eternity. The only problem is, your computer can crash. Things that used to be in one file folder, can accidentally get transferred to a different one. Files can become corrupted and unreadable, resulting in lost work hours, even entire weeks’ worth of work. Luckily, Google Drive is here for us. Google Drive, while quite well-known and well-used, is something a lot of university students aren’t overly familiar with. During high school, Microsoft Office for Mac and PC is typically the method most people use to write and store documents. However, many people in the professional world, particularly for jobs that involve people and teams in disparate locations, utilize Google Drive. Google Drive is a cloud storage platform that allows you to write and store 15 free gigabytes worth of documents, presentations, excel sheets, forms, and drawings in which you never have to worry about losing any of it. What’s more is that you can quickly and easily search your Google Drive for documents you have previously been working on, assign them to folders, and share them with friends, colleagues, professors, and group project members. Sometimes, despite your best efforts, there is simply not enough time in a day to get through everything on your plate. When university life seems insurmountable, and time is a precious commodity with conflicting demands, professional essay writing services like Homework Help Global offer academic quality writing to help make university life a little more bearable. References: (2018). “Ten Great Apps for Uni Students.” The Good Universities Guide.” Retrieved from: ten-great-apps-for-uni-students Stelnicki, A.M. et al. (2015). “Who is the Successful University Student? An Analysis of Personal Resources.” Canadian Journal of Higher Education 45(2): 214-228. Retrieved from: journals.sfu.ca/cjhe/index.php/cjhe/article/download/184491/pdf_21 Wood, J. (2014). “College Students in Study Spend 8 to 10 hours Daily on Cell Phone.” Psych Central. Retrived from: Best Apps for College Students Simple Apps to Help Streamline University Life Simple Apps to Help Streamline University Life University life is a series of highs and lows hopefully many more of the former than the latter. Managing schedules, writing papers, working in a few shifts a week at a part time job, studying, reading, managing money, keeping up with family and other interpersonal relationships you might finish your degree and find yourself asking “how did I manage to keep all of those balls in the air at the same time?” Outsourcing some of your university life to technology For generations, people had no other choice but to try to tackle everything manually. Pen and paper were the main component of most students’ arsenal, and if you weren’t paying attention during a lecture, well, your only alternative was to try and find time to speak to a professor during office hours. Luckily, in the digital era, technology can do a lot of the work for us. Below are some of the most useful apps for life at university. Apps for organization A lot of studies have been done on the various personality traits that are predictive of success in university. Among them are executive functioning skills like time management and organization. In fact, in a Canadian Journal of Higher Education study, 73.7% of study participants indicated that time management, planning, and preparation were the most important attributes for achieving academic success. Being organized requires planning, and dedication, but thankfully modern technological advancements mean we don’t have to take on the burden of organization all by ourselves. One such organizational app is Fetchnotes. This app lets you assign hashtags to your notes and thoughts, thereby allowing you to organize everything you need to do in a given time frame. For instance, you might assign an “exam” tag to everything having to do with an upcoming exam, and you might assign a “read” hashtag to all of your assigned readings for a given day of the week. This is a free app for iPhone, iPad, and Android devices. Apps for social media downtime A 2014 study from researchers at Baylor University found that college students spent, on average, between eight and ten hours per day on their cell phones. That same study presented self-reported data which concluded that roughly sixty percent of college students are ‘addicted’ to their cell phones, and that cell phones, almost invariably, end up becoming a major distraction during lectures, or from important, often intellectually demanding tasks. While it is certainly popular, and quite easy to rail against cell phones and social media, they are, for the vast majority of people in the West, a fact of life. In fact you would likely be hard pressed to find a university or college student on campus anywhere in the developed world that didn’t have a state of the art smart phone in their pocket at all times. While having and using a smartphone may be unavoidable, deciding when and what you use it for can still be within your control. Apps like SelfControl are great options for people who find that their work ethic, and attention span suffers because of their cell phone (particularly social media addiction). SelfControl allows you to block websites of your choosing for a set amount of time, so that you are not tempted by your phone when you really should be doing something more productive with your time. Budget Apps Part of the university experience, for many people, means learning to manage money. For a lucky few, money is no object. Family wealth has underwritten their university experience, and rent, grocery, textbook, even spending money is just a phone call or text away. While that is not to look down upon families who can afford to do these things, the average Joe or Jane struggling to make their way through university life needs to be able to handle their finances responsibly, or risk having to go without. If you are new to managing your own money, or have struggled with doing so in the past, there are a number of great apps out there that can help make the task easier. One such app is My Weekly Budget. This is not a free app ($1.49 for iPhone/iPad; $0.99 for Android), but it is a useful one. My Weekly Budget allows you to set weekly budgets, and then monitor your spending to ensure that you do not go over what you have decided you can afford. Every time you spend, the app shows you what percentage of your weekly budget you are using up, how much you’ve spent in total, and how much more you can afford to spend based on your preset amount. It is astonishing how much easier it is to keep to a budget when you are reminded of what you are spending, and how much of your allotted budget a given expenditure is eating up. Document storage Document storage is one of those things that many people struggle with. You write a paper, turn it in, then consign it to the desktop for the rest of eternity. The only problem is, your computer can crash. Things that used to be in one file folder, can accidentally get transferred to a different one. Files can become corrupted and unreadable, resulting in lost work hours, even entire weeks’ worth of work. Luckily, Google Drive is here for us. Google Drive, while quite well-known and well-used, is something a lot of university students aren’t overly familiar with. During high school, Microsoft Office for Mac and PC is typically the method most people use to write and store documents. However, many people in the professional world, particularly for jobs that involve people and teams in disparate locations, utilize Google Drive. Google Drive is a cloud storage platform that allows you to write and store 15 free gigabytes worth of documents, presentations, excel sheets, forms, and drawings in which you never have to worry about losing any of it. What’s more is that you can quickly and easily search your Google Drive for documents you have previously been working on, assign them to folders, and share them with friends, colleagues, professors, and group project members. Sometimes, despite your best efforts, there is simply not enough time in a day to get through everything on your plate. When university life seems insurmountable, and time is a precious commodity with conflicting demands, professional essay writing services like Homework Help Global offer academic quality writing to help make university life a little more bearable. References: (2018). “Ten Great Apps for Uni Students.” The Good Universities Guide.” Retrieved from: ten-great-apps-for-uni-students Stelnicki, A.M. et al. (2015). “Who is the Successful University Student? An Analysis of Personal Resources.” Canadian Journal of Higher Education 45(2): 214-228. Retrieved from: journals.sfu.ca/cjhe/index.php/cjhe/article/download/184491/pdf_21 Wood, J. (2014). “College Students in Study Spend 8 to 10 hours Daily on Cell Phone.” Psych Central. Retrived from:

Should The Death Penalty Be Mandatory - 925 Words

When I first signed up for this philosophy course, I didn’t do it because I wanted to, but instead because it is a required course for my major. I honestly thought that it would be a boring course, and it would be super hard to get a good grade. However, as the course progressed, it turned out to be the only class that kept my attention the full semester, and I believe the main reason for that, was that I was interested in the subjects and learning other people point of view and opinions on the subject. When we were discussing the death penalty although my opinion didn’t change, after hearing what some of my classmates had to say about the subject during our lab I was able to respectfully see why they had those thoughts and feelings about the subject. I believe that we should have the death penalty, and that it helps prevents more crime from happening. However, during our lab students that thought we should ban the death penalty had some pretty interesting reasons behin d their opinion. They mentioned how not only does the person on death row suffer from the death penalty, but how the family of the person put on death row suffer as well, and how it isn’t fair to them that they suffer. When forming my opinion (my opinion still stands), I failed to think about who else the death penalty would affect. I was only thinking about the â€Å"criminal† himself, and not about anybody else who â€Å"cares† about them. For example a criminal mother suffers when their child is put on death row,Show MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Should Be Mandatory943 Words   |  4 PagesThe God gives life and he is the only one who can take it away. Nobody has the right to terminate human life under any circumstances unless it is a penalty decided by the court. 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TheseRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Sanctioned Practice1605 Words   |  7 PagesBACKGROUND OF THE TOPIC Capital Punishment is the sanctioned practice that puts someone to death in response to crimes. There are many and varied types of execution used around the world today, including: beheading, electrocution, hanging, lethal injection, shooting in the back of the head, and by firing squad. People have been working to end executions since 1977, when only 16 countries had abolished the death penalty in law or practice. Today, the number has risen to 140 - nearly two-thirds of countriesRead More Failures of Capital Punishment Essay786 Words   |  4 PagesFailures of Capital Punishment Is the death penalty a just way of punishing those who commit a horrible crime? The answer to that depends on the standpoint of an individual. 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Architectural Comparison Of Greek And Mexican Buildings

Alyssa Santiago Professor Davis HUM 1020 - 009 July 10 2017 Architectural Comparison of Greek and Mexican Buildings House of the Faun Historical Context: The title of the artwork is House of the Faun. There are several artists that could have constructed this building and it has been renovated. This house was built during the Samnite period from 200-80 BCE in Pompeii, Roman Republic (modern-day Italy). Text: The genre of this artwork is domestic architecture and the style is a Roman atrium house. It is a combination of Samnite and Hellenistic styles. Those who lived in these houses were upper-class citizens who could offer to build their own home. Many times Senators and Equestrians had clients (commoners, freed people, and slaves) that†¦show more content†¦The house and the artwork reflected the New World and religion through Baroque style. Hacienda La Magdalena by Sybelio Cultural similarities connect the world in numerous ways. The influences can be expressed through artwork centuries later, even in different regions. Understanding the tension between nature and culture is evident through the style and purpose of Roman and Mexican houses. The nature of both societies are to gain higher social status through recognition and money. Culturally, both societies display their status and wealth through their house and materials. The Roman housing existed long before the New World and Mexican adobe housing. The similarities are results of Roman expansion and conquest of Spain mid-second century BCE, which lasted centuries (Curchin 24). The Roman Empire brought their culture to the Spanish region, including the idea of social hierarchy (78). Romans faced strong resistance to Romanization before the Spanish assimilated to Roman ideologies (179). One style that Spain resisted was Baroque, which originated from Greece and Rome. Spanish architecture had been deeply influenced by the Moors; however, not all Spaniards resisted this style (Zamora and Kaup 22). After adopting the Roman culture and eventually gaining independence from Rome, Spain began to expand and conquer as well. The influence of Roman Baroque style can also be seen in theShow MoreRelatedArt as an Embodied Imagination22095 Words   |  89 Pagesprinciple of social life): the consumer adopts the perspective of his or her self, so it becomes natural to regard one’s body as a socially visible object that can and should be reconstructed to convey preferred meanings (Joy and Venkatesh 1994). In building a self-image and an identity, consumers engage in continuous processes (moral and otherwise) that subject their bodies to change and discipline. 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Two Contrasting Views of Slavery in Literature Beloved...

In this essay, I will be examining the works of two authors on the topic of slavery in America: Ulrich B. Phillips American Negro Slavery (1918) and Toni Morrison Beloved (1987). One writes as a Southerner and a historian who is defending southern slaveholders and draws upon contemporary racial theory to justify the system as beneficial to African Americans. The other writes as an African-American woman who is looking to write women into history and in doing so, add a female voice to the past. The purpose of comparing these two texts is to bring awareness that historical knowledge is constructed and not a given and that the profile of the author influences the content of their work. When examining the history of slavery in†¦show more content†¦It was about these anonymous people called slaves. What they do to keep on, how they make a life, what theyre willing to risk Almost 70 years earlier, Ulrich B. Phillips wrote American Negro Slavery (1918). Of his work, Phillips wrote: the historians chief concern is with facts, their authenticity and accuracy; and interpretation is a secondary consideration. While the goal of both authors was to record the past, the way in which they have chosen to do so differs greatly. When reading these two works together, one is struck by the difference in perspectives of Morrison and Phillips in how they regard writing about the past. Toni Morrisons Beloved can be read as an overt and passionate quest to fill a gap neglected by historians and in fugitive slave narratives, to record the everyday lives of the disremembered and unaccounted for While `recording the everyday was the goal of Phillips, he does so entirely from a white perspective and without consultation of slave sources, instead basing his work on the written accounts of slaveowners. This speaks volumes as to his perception of the importance of slaves themselves, considering their stories an unnecessary addition to his work on the topic of slavery. As Morrison reminds us historically, we [African Americans] were seldom invited to participate in the discourse even when we were its topic. Common to both works, is the way in which the

Status and Activities Reducing Inequalities †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Status and Activities Reducing Inequalities. Answer: Introduction The Maori people are the indigenous inhabitants of the modern-day Australia. They have a vast settlement history starting around 250 and 300 CE. They settled introducing a wide range of cultural and economic practices including the warrior culture and the horticulture farming. The Maori people are believed to have originated together with settlers from Polynesia. But in the beginning of the 17th century, there was turn of events that might have probably changed the lives of the Maori people for good. There was arrival of the Europeans into New Zealand, and with their influence and power, they gradually started converting the Maori into their culture. The integration between the Maori and the Europeans in the New Zealand led to adoption of new European lifestyles and cultural practices and with time, the original Maori culture started waning. The initial interactions between the Maori and the Europeans led to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in the 1840 which meant that, the two communities were to coexist together as part of the British Colony. However, these interactions led to land sales-related conflicts and there were constant tensions between the Maori and the Europeans. In addition, there emerged an epidemic of introduced diseases, and Maori found their selves in a very tricky situation which culminated in the dramatic decline of their population. Although there has been a steady fight to address the grievances of the Maori people, it is still apparent that they face challenging issues especially in health care provision. Documented studies and statistics indicate that the Maori people have not experiencedsystematic representation in the health sector and the labor force. There is a higher disparity between the Maori and the non-Maori. The Maori leads in higher cases of mortality rate, and high frequency of chronic diseases, than the non-Maori(Triggs Coulson). The Obesity Chronic Disease Health Issue Chronic diseases within New Zealand accounts for almost 40% of the health burden for the nationals. The health problems are largely attributed to diseases such as cardio-vascular disease, cancer, diabetes among others. But the most eye-catching observation is that The Maori people within the country are the most affected. There is a significant prevalence of obesity within the Maori people, which is a major health concern. The continued existence of disparities in terms of healthcare provision between the Maori and non-Maori people has constantly left most of the indigenous New Zealanders under unfavorable health position. It is clear from credible studies and statistics that most of the Maori people are more affected with chronic diseases such as obesity as compared to other non-Maori citizens (Oetze, et al., 2017). According to the (Ministry of Health, 2012), Maori have the highest cases of chronic conditions such as obesity and diabetes. They also experience high levels of heart disease, stroke, and arthritis among others. Obesity is even on a worse scale that almost one in every five Maori, including children (20%) and the adults (20%) do take medication for this chronic condition. This is unlike the other non-Maori groups of citizens. It is a clear indication that the Maori are sidelined in the health provision given the highest prevalence of chronic diseases among them than the other groups of citizens (Ministry of Health, 2012). With all these problems surrounding them and less impact and solutions, Maori people furthermore have the poorest access to healthcare services. At least two in every five Maori, which translates into (39%), could not meet the primary health needs annually, which also included 28% of the children in this ethnic group. Lack of access to health care services for most of them does not bode well with the fact that they are the most adversely affected (CGB Health Research, 2011). The limited access to health services is a major setback in New Zealand. Seemingly, the most hindering factor from the access of the basic health care needs by the Maori includes a variety of setbacks. The cost of medical services prevents most of them from accessing the basic healthcare needs even if they wanted to. This includes 28% of adults and another 8% of Maori children. The cost of accessing a GP and the medical appointments means that a significant number of Maori goes without basic medical care (Croxson, Smith, Cumming, 2009). The most astonishing statistic according to the (Ministry of Health, 2012), is that in the year prior to 2011/2012 health review, a massive 47% of the Maori women had faced unmet necessity for basic healthcare. The New Zealands government efforts in trying to eradicate the inequalities through various ways including the primary Health Care Strategy (PHCS) has not addressed much of the Maoris plights. They are still languishing in dark embers of modern-day medical advancements. Some of the main contributing factors to the ethnic healthcare inequalities may result from provision of quality health care to the specific non-Maori while the Maori are provided with poor quality healthcare. Another valid reason is the difference in access to the determinants of quality health care. Non-Maoris are most likely to have easier access to the quality healthcare. The Maori people have a higher rate of obesity with more than 44% of them with obese conditions, which translates to about 197, 000 people. And the national statics indicates that there has not been significant change that indicates any form of improvement or eradication of the disease. There have not been any progressive changes in terms of other chronic conditions of the Maori people either. Strokes, heart diseases, high blood pressure alongside obesity are diagnosed in an estimated 300,000 Maori people. Even with the governments efforts; equality disparities are still evident in health care provision (Gibson, Lisy, Davy, Aromataris, Kite, Lockwood, 2015). The role of the Government in addressing Health Inequalities for Maori The persistent inequalities in healthcare between the Maori and the non-Maori citizens within New Zealand have presented the government with a huge challenge of trying to eradicate the disparities. But even in the struggle to dignify the existence of the Maori by the government, these efforts have not yet bore visible fruits that cannot be termed as an effective solution to the problems of the Maori individuals. It is however good to acknowledge the fact that the government has tried to harmonize the provision of healthcare to bridge a gap between the discriminated Maori and the privileged non-Maori (Ministry of Health). The New Zealand government proposed a strategic framework that aimed at tackling the problem in four different levels. The first is the structural level which focuses on the root causes of the problems. It is important to understand the beginning of everything that led to the current situation as it is. The historical development of the New Zealand as a country led to convergence of the numerous ethnic groups. While the Maori were the indigenous group of the country, rapid changes from the visiting Europeans led to subsequent changes in all aspects of the Maori life. This included social aspects of the life, economic aspects as well as the political state. Another level in the governments framework to tackle the issue was intermediary pathways. Under this level the government would undertake all the psychological analysis and elements, including behavioral changes that can impact on health outcomes. Social and behavioral patterns can affect how people operate within an environment. It is imperative to understand cognitive elements of the Maori ethnic group in trying to understand the best possible ways of addressing their problems. The complexity of the health care inequalities within New Zealand means that the solution is not just based on the conclusive opinion but rather a deeply analyzed approach that touches every aspect of the society (Russel, Smiler, Stace, 2013). The New Zealand government further has undertaken special concentration on the health and disability services and devising frameworks that lead to extensive address of people with disabilities. Then the final level is the impact of the process, and working sure to minimize on the negative effects the inequalities have on the socio-economic situation (Blakely, Tobias, Atkinson, Yeh, Huang, 2007). The government acknowledges the fact that they are dealing with current situation caused by historical impacts of colonialism. It is understandable countries with a past history of colonialism have characteristically poor indigenous people who cannot afford basic health care services (MH Durie). In the bid by the government to bring the equality in the health sector, the involvement of the Maori people themselves is invaluable. They have a role to play in addressing their problems and this involves taking part in the policy formulation and being part of every health policy within New Zealand. A number of policy formulations and creations saw Maori being considered in the subsequent amendments that would see them being actively involved in the inequality eradication process(Raymont Cumming, 2009). Policy guides were put in place and they involve greater involvement of Maori in all divisions of the health sector. There were further given the priority in the resource allocations which took their health needs and perspectives into account and finally developing culturally acceptable practices that will promote healthcare. Iwi governance provides a basic ground for the advancement of government health policies to the Maori people. The Iwi in the pre-colonial era, were the biggest political formation within the Maori society. In this formation they were divide into Hapu (clans) and their social function were primarily to support each other and defend themselves against foreign invasion. These political formations within the indigenous Maori can provide good grounds for advancing the policies created to address the healthcare inequality problem. Te Tiriti o Waitangi (The Treaty of Waitangi) The Treaty of Waitangi signing in 1840 summed up a lot of about the New Zealands policies. It was the socially binding treaty and even in the current modern era, the treaty has been used to address important governance problems and issues (Oh, n.d.). The increased migration of people into New Zealand and increased competition for resources was the primary reason why the agreement was signed. The treaty was signed to safeguard the interests of the Maori and to protect their social and economic well being. However, it is important to note that the treaty was an agreement of settlement of non Maori into New Zealand therefore they are all treaty partners. The Treaty of Waitangi therefore provides the best basis for reference in the address of the inequalities that have seen the Maori people being on the sidelines for better part of the post-European era.The Treaty of Waitangi addresses the citizenship of the Maori together with the non-Maori and Maoris guaranteed continued enjoyment of their Maori rights without objection on hindrance. The New Zealand country is ethnically diverse. The signing of the treaty was a better step in accommodating all the kinds of people within the country. There are other non-Maori ethnic groups living in the country, who have their independent cultural practices and traditional customs (Population Health, 2012). The three major non-Maori ethnic groups include the Pakeha, Pacific people and the Asian people. The diversity means that they are also part of the New Zealand society, and while they may have the upper hand in equality ladder; they must be considered in the policies that aim at empowering the Maori. This scenario brings in the relevance of the Treaty of Waitangi in addressing the equality disparity. Therefore, in reference to the principles laid down in the treaty, there are a number of recommendations that can be derived to effectively boost the governments bid in addressing the issues in equality disparity. Based on the principle number one which is Partnership, it is imperative for the government to engage in comprehensive partnership programs that would aim at addressing the disparity in the health care provision. These partnerships encourage collaborative process that yields desired results. The government therefore, should partner its health policies together with those formulated by Maori to create an atmosphere of cooperation and understanding. For instance, the Maori health policy provides a bridge for partnership between the government and the local Maori communities. Furthermore, the ministry of health in can partner with other stakeholders in addressing all the pertinent issues affecting inequalities. The second recommendation is based on the second principle which is Participation. In the process of addressing the inequalities in the healthcare service provision, the government and all the stakeholders involved should emphasize on participation of all the affected parties. This is more important for the Maori people, given their record of inadequate participation in health matters. The policies formulated should aim at enabling easier access to medical services and enforce a policy which allows clinic visits for the affected people. The formulation and implementation of the policies should follow close insistence on participation. And finally, the last recommendation is based on the third principle of Protection. There should be a defined way of protection of all the health policies formulated as well as safeguarding the values, beliefs and Maori status. The protection of these policies and addressing various health provision issues including the state of chronic diseases among the Maori will ensure longevity of all the government and other policy stakeholders efforts in addressing equality disparity in the health sector provision that has for long affected the Maori people for several decades even after the colonial era. The Impact of Policies in Addressing Inequalities The historical inequality in health among Maori has seen formulation of a significant number of policies and strategies that have tried to address and solve all these problems. The extent of their success is not conclusive because currently the Maori people of New Zealand are still faced with poor outcome of basic healthcare provision. It is clear that, even policies alone cannot have the sole impact but rather, action is more appropriate to drive the agenda home. With the Maori ethnic group still having the highest cases of health-related complications, including high prevalence chronic diseases, the policies need to go a step further. However, policies have played a significant role in addressing the equality disparity in healthcare in some ways. They have provided a good foundation on which any actions taken can result in the desired outcome. For instance, the Maori Health policy which is based on the Treaty of Waitangi, addresses inequities within the healthcare while outlining the fact that, the rights of the indigenous people are rightly enshrined and protected under the treaty. This policy advocates for the continued monitoring of these inequities in while appreciating the contemporary aspects of the Maori health. However actions are necessary to cement the power of the policies created to address the inequality problems (Medical Council of New Zealand, 2008). In addition, the governments efforts through proposal of principles that would address the inequalities with a comprehensive strategy at four levels is a good step forward towards addressing the issue. The strategy which involves a structural level, intermediary pathways, disability services, and the impact level are a key foundation for the solutions required to address the Maori health problem. These policies and formulations however; have relevance only if the actions can follow the writings effectively. The Rationale of the Recommendations From the recommendations suggested in this document, a lot can be utilized to promote improvements for health outcomes of the Maori people. This ranges from designing a proper practical foundation within which the aspects of partnership, participation and Protection can fully be undertaken for the bettering Maori health outcomes. In addition, these recommendations can provide solutions in addressing Maoris continued prevalence of chronic diseases, meaning that, the government strategies and other policies formulated should address specific areas of concern, such as higher cases of obese population particularly in one group of the citizens (Regional Public Health, 2017). The recommendations further insist on the actions rather than theory such that, policies and strategies formulated are useless without action input and this involves participation processes, that is, allowing the Maori people more chances to access affordable healthcare and specifically involving them actively not just on paper but in practice. Conclusively, the historical occurrences that resulted in the discrimination of the Maori may be a source of all the inequality problems. But the government through effective management and systematic communication channels can address all these inequalities effectively (Hussain Ahmad 2012). Furthermore, good management and specific address of the Maori peoples health problems practically would ensure proper handling of the equality disparity and bring services much closer to everyone. The government has a sole responsibility of ensuring equity and good governance is defined by actions not words; hence, the New Zealand government still has an uphill task in continued address of the equality disparity among its citizens. References Blakely, T., Tobias, M., Atkinson, J., Yeh, L.-C., Huang, K. (2007). Tracking disparity: Trends in ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in morality, 1981-2004. Ministry of Health/Manat? Hauora: Public Health Intelligence Occasional Bulletin . CGB Health Research. (2011). Improving access to services for vulnerable populations. CBG Health Research Ltd . Croxson, B., Smith, J., Cumming, J. (2009). Patient fees as a metaphor for so much more in New Zealand's primary health care system. Report for the Evaluation of the Primary Health Care Project. . Gibson, O., Lisy, K., Davy, C., Aromataris, E., Kite, E., Lockwood, c. (2015). Enablers and barriers to the implementation of primary health care interventions for indigenous people with chronic diseases. A Systematic Review . Hussain, M., Ahmad, M. (2012). Mostly Discussed Research areas in Human Resource Management (HRM) A Literature Review . International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences , II (3), 10-10. Medical Council of New Zealand. (2008). Best health outcomes for Maori: Practice implications. A resource booklet prepared for the Medical Council of New Zealand by Muri Ora Associates . MH Durie. (n.d.). Government Objectives for Maori Health. Department of Maori Studies: Massey University . Ministry of Health. (n.d.). Reducing Inequalities in Health. Ministry of Health. (2012). The Health of M?ori Adults and Children. New Zealand , 1-4. Ministry of Health. (2012). The Health of Maori Children and Young People With Chronic Conditions and Disabilities in New Zealand. Te Ohonga Ake . Oetze, J., Scott, N., Hudson, M., Masters-Awatere, B., Moana, R., Foote, J., et al. (2017). Implementation framework for chronic disease intervention effectiveness in M?ori and other indigenous communities . Globalization and Health , 1-13. Oh, D. M. (n.d.). The Treaty of Waitangi Principles in He Korowai Oranga M?ori Health Strategy: An Effective Partnership? . A Critique from the Perspective of TB Care . Population Health. (2012). Population Health (Maori Health Services). Future Focus . Raymont, A., Cumming, J. (2009). Status and activities of general medical practices. Evaluation for Primary Health Care Strategy. Wellington: Health Services Research: Center . Regional Public Health. (2017). Maori Strategic Plan. Russel, L., Smiler, K., Stace, H. (2013). Improving Maori Health and Reducing Inequalities Between Maori and Non-Maori: Has the Primary Health Care Strategy Worked for MAori? Health Research Council of New Zealand . Triggs, S., Coulson, J. (n.d.). Maori Health Statistics. A Report for the Auckland Maori Strategic Health Forum.